Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic lining. This ectopic tissue responds to hormonal cycles, causing pain, inflammation, and sometimes infertility. Risk factors include retrograde menstruation and genetic predisposition. Symptoms typically include severe menstrual cramps, painful intercourse, and difficulty conceiving. Diagnosis involves ultrasound for endometriomas, with laparoscopy providing definitive confirmation. Management focuses on hormonal therapy, pain control, and surgical removal in severe cases to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.