Spinal Disorders
About the disease & condition
Spinal disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the spinal column, including the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, nerves, and supporting structures. These disorders can result in pain, neurological deficits, and functional impairment.
Known Symptoms
- Localized pain: Axial pain in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions.
- Radicular symptoms: Pain, numbness, or weakness radiating along a nerve root distribution (e.g., sciatica).
- Myelopathic symptoms: Gait disturbance, balance issues, bowel/bladder dysfunction, limb weakness (suggesting spinal cord compression).
- Red flags: Severe or progressive neurological deficit.
Bowel or bladder incontinence.
Unexplained weight loss, fever, or history of cancer (suggesting infection or malignancy).
Known Causes
- Degenerative: Disc degeneration, herniation, spinal stenosis, spondylosis, osteoarthritis.
- Traumatic: Fractures, dislocations, ligamentous injuries.
- Inflammatory/Infectious:
Ankylosing spondylitis, spinal infections (e.g., osteomyelitis, discitis). - Neoplastic: Primary or metastatic spinal tumors.
- Congenital/Developmental:
Scoliosis, kyphosis, spina bifida. - Metabolic: Osteoporosis, Paget’s disease.
Care
- Prevention: Maintain healthy weight, regular exercise (core strengthening), proper ergonomics. Avoid smoking, manage osteoporosis.
- Follow-up: Regular monitoring for symptom progression or recurrence.
Post-surgical rehabilitation and imaging as needed.
Long-term management of chronic conditions (e.g., osteoporosis, inflammatory disorders).
Relevant Specialities
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