General Medicine

Abdominal pain refers to discomfort originating anywhere in the abdominal cavity. It can be acute or chronic, ranging from mild discomfort to severe, potentially life-threatening pain. Causes include gastrointestinal infections, constipation, biliary or urinary diseases, recent surgery, trauma, systemic illness, and medications.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways of the lungs, causing inflammation and narrowing of the air passages. This leads to difficulty in breathing, particularly during asthma attacks or exposure to triggers. Asthma can develop at any age and varies in severity from person to person. Although it cannot be cured, asthma can be effectively managed with proper treatment, avoidance of triggers, and regular monitoring. With good care, people with asthma can lead active and healthy lives.

Bronchitis is a respiratory condition in which the bronchial tubes, responsible for carrying air to the lungs, become inflamed. This inflammation causes increased mucus production and makes breathing difficult. Bronchitis can be acute, often caused by infections, or chronic, usually linked to long-term irritation such as smoking or air pollution. It commonly affects people during cold seasons and can cause persistent coughing. Early care and avoiding triggers help reduce symptoms and prevent complications.

A group of metabolic diseases characterised by chronic high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

Bedside wound care and dressing is a critical nursing procedure aimed at promoting healing, preventing infection, and ensuring patient comfort. The procedure involves assessing the wound, cleaning it with sterile solutions, and applying an appropriate dressing. The choice of dressing depends on the wound type, size, and exudate level. Proper hand hygiene, sterile technique, and careful handling of tissues are essential to avoid contamination. Regular monitoring of the wound ensures early detection of infection and guides ongoing treatment, making this procedure essential for recovery and patient safety.

Blood pressure measurement is a simple, non-invasive method to assess the force of blood against the walls of the arteries. The procedure involves placing a cuff around the upper arm, inflating it to temporarily stop blood flow, and then slowly releasing the pressure while listening with a stethoscope or using an automatic monitor. The systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded, which help evaluate cardiovascular health. Accurate measurement requires proper positioning, a relaxed patient, and a correctly sized cuff. This procedure is quick, painless, and essential for monitoring heart health.

Blood sugar measurement is a common diagnostic procedure used to determine the level of glucose in the blood. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and assessing the effectiveness of the treatment. The procedure is usually performed using a glucometer, which requires a small drop of capillary blood obtained from a fingertip. Blood sugar measurement is quick, minimally invasive, and can be done in hospitals or at home. Regular monitoring helps prevent complications related to abnormal glucose levels.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure used to record the electrical activity of the heart. It helps in assessing heart rate, rhythm, and detecting abnormalities such as arrhythmias, ischemia, and myocardial infarction. During the procedure, electrodes are placed on the chest and limbs to capture electrical signals produced by the heart. ECG is painless, quick, and widely used in routine check-ups, emergency care, and continuous monitoring of cardiac patients.