Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a common refractive error caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, leading to blurred or distorted vision. It can occur alongside myopia or hyperopia and may be congenital, acquired from eye injury, surgery, or conditions like keratoconus, with a possible genetic predisposition. Symptoms include blurred vision at all distances, eye strain, headaches, squinting, and difficulty seeing at night. Diagnosis involves visual acuity testing, keratometry, corneal topography, and refraction assessment. Management includes corrective lenses or refractive surgery in selected cases.