Cataract

A cataract is the clouding of the natural lens of the eye, causing gradual vision loss. It is most common in older adults but can occur at any age. Risk factors include ageing, diabetes, prolonged steroid use, UV exposure, eye trauma, smoking, and family history. Symptoms include blurred or dim vision, glare, halos around lights, and frequent changes in glasses prescription. Diagnosis involves slit-lamp examination, visual acuity testing, refraction, and dilated retinal exam. Management includes UV protection, controlling risk factors, and surgical lens replacement when vision is significantly impaired.